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Human minds have always been captured by traditionally dominant civilizations to think and act within cultural boundaries. Although the world is progressing, society is reverting to a more conventional worldview. It has stifled reasonable thought while encouraging violent behaviours, all of which constitute a breach of humanity. The International Forum, as well as Islamic law, has always been supportive of others' rights, particularly women's rights, which are protected by laws, conventions, and treaties. Few societies have been unaware of women's dignity. The subject of honour killing in India is addressed in this study paper. The historical technique of research was employed in this study as part of qualitative research methodology. The information is gathered from reliable sources such as the literature and prior studies. Women are susceptible to violence not only in India, but also around the world, as a result of poor governance, a lack of execution of suitable laws, and societal and cultural hurdles. People's attachment to traditional and cultural norms has resulted in a rise in violence against women. Honor killings are on the rise as a result of ignorance. Despite the fact that women in India are empowered, their status is not fully functional. The findings point to the need for stringent legislation to prevent honour killings. To remove ignorance from society, societal awareness is critical. Women should be given the tools they need to take such matters seriously and fight for their rights.

Cover -- Contents -- Preface -- List of Abbreviations -- 1 Communication and Society: An Overview -- 2 Early Years of the Print Media -- 3 National and International News Agencies-The Backbone of Modern Communication -- 4 Gandhian Journalism and the Journalism of the 21st Century -- 5 Image up, Word down: The Rise of Audiovisual Media -- 6 Film: The Further Expansion of Audiovisual Wisdom -- 7 Radio: The First Real Electronic Medium -- 8 Television: An Endless Parade -- 9 The New Media: Multimedia Bornout of Convergence -- 10 Communication Technology with a Human Face: The Challenge of the 21st Century -- Glossary -- References and Select Bibliography -- Index -- About the Author

It is suggested that the new psychol'al theories re ED fail to take into account specific instit's & cultural values, & often take only a microscopic & not a macroscopic view. A macroscopic view of ED in India is here presented. Econ behavior is interpreted in a context of soc instit's & cultural values, in particular the effects of the joint fam & the caste systems. Both provide certain econ benefits to their members, some of which aid the economy as a whole, but the net effect of caste on the economy is negative: it is occup'ally restrictive & hinders labor mobility; it creates nepotism on a vast scale & often results in underemployment. It is stated that 'India is not yet a nation in a sociol'al or psychol'al sense. It is a collection of mutually suspicious & mutually hostile extended fam's. This aspect of the soc structure prevents cooperation between groups even when selfish interests would rationally dictate cooperation.' Indians tend to use the term 'community' where 'caste' would be more appropriate. It is difficult to ascertain whether Indian values, in particular Hindu religious values, keep India econ'ly backward, but it is certain that many Indian instit's besides caste & the joint fam inhibit ED. It is shown how dysfunctional bur'tic rules are which set narrow limits to profit & discourage capital accumulation. India is not giving adequate higher educ to her youth in many fields; elementary & secondary educ are also deficient. The attachment to caste & village & the fact that the joint fam seldom migrates as a unit keep labor mobility low. The diversity of languages & the religious diff's create a handicap for the migrating workers. Gov has facilitated ED in many ways, but it has also hampered it in some signif ways-ie, its failure to improve agri; the corruption of the lower bur'cy; the status conception of the gov official. The backward land tenure system is viewed as one factor in the lack of agri'al growth; India's mfg is far more rational & modern than its food production & distribution. The pop factor has aggravated India's problems. It is concluded that the cumulative & interrelated effect of all the inhibiting factors, rather than a single one, is responsible for keeping India backward. India needs a revolution in many of its instit's & cultural practices. M. Maxfield.

Sociological Traditions looks at the sociology of India from two perspectives: first, understanding the cultural traditions of India with special reference to religious and ethical values; and second, exploring the growth of the sociological traditions of India. Divided in two parts, the book goes beyond mere description of the main religious traditions and looks at the ethical values that are embedded in the religio-secular traditions of India. It also projects the sociological traditions of India as a historical process, a process of growth of sociological knowledge. The basic premise of the

Describes the origins, evolution, & operations of India's Constitution, which is the world's largest & is in essence an intricate legal code addressing all major facets of the country's constitutional & administrative system. Given India's vast geographic size & tremendous pluralism, the Constitution encodes a quite centralized polity that accords the Union government powers adequate to enforce its dominance & govern unitarily. Just as significant, India's diversity & socioeconomic situation, along with the ideological impact of socialism, impelled the Constitution toward a type of organically unitary federation under the aegis of equality, justice, & protection of rights. Many of its framers believed that only a robust central government could successfully foster economic development & guarantee fairness across territories, religions, languages, classes, & castes. However, since 1989, coalition central governments, a growth in state & regional political parties, & economic liberalization have had a decentralizing effect in a number of ways on the political system. K. Coddon

In late 2005 Czech authorities first began to discover substantial amounts of municipal waste illegally transported from Germany to the Czech Republic. The dumping of more than 30000 tonnes of German waste in 'black dumps' throughout the Bohemian countryside raised social, economic, and political questions about how to mitigate the negative human health and environmental impacts and prevent dumping in the future. In addition to prompting practical policy questions, the situation challenges sociologists to theorise the causes, effects, and possible responses to the problem. This article draws on the environmental sociological Treadmill of Production (ToP) theory to examine the role of the state in managing the crisis. The author presents the history of the Bohemian illegal waste problem and then describes and analyses relevant waste management policies in the Czech Republic, Germany, and the European Union in the light of the ToP theory, which hypothesises that environmental degradation is caused primarily by institutional political-economic forces, and that the protection of environmental quality can be achieved only through structural reform. The dilemma of illegal waste shipment highlights the difficult role of the government, which must balance its responsibilities to protect environmental quality and human health and promote commerce and economic growth in an international context. Data from interviews and documentary analysis are used to describe the case study and test the ToP theory. The author concludes that while the ToP theory is useful for analysing the illegal waste issue by highlighting the structural character of the problem, some refinement of the theory may be necessary to better understand this case study.

This book presents the sociological perspectives on Muslim OBCs as a category determined by the Indian State. Although Muslims constitute an important part of the population and are the second largest religious community in the world, as well as in India, social scientists rarely undertake this community to analyze their socioeconomic and educational development. Muslim Backward Classes provides a comprehensive explanation of the origin and meaning of the term "backward class," followed with the historical perspectives of Muslim b